ABSTRACT
Abstract We evaluated the involvement of the serotonergic system on memory formation and learning processes in healthy adults Wistar rats. Fifty-seven rats of 5 groups had one serotonergic nuclei damaged by an electric current. Electrolytic lesion was carried out using a continuous current of 2mA during two seconds by stereotactic surgery. Animals were submitted to learning and memory tests. Rats presented different responses in the memory tests depending on the serotonergic nucleus involved. Both explicit and implicit memory may be affected after lesion although some groups showed significant difference and others did not. A damage in the serotonergic nucleus was able to cause impairment in the memory of Wistar. The formation of implicit and explicit memory is impaired after injury in some serotonergic nuclei.
Resumo Avaliar a participação do sistema serotoninérgico em processos de formação de memória e aprendizagem em ratos Wistar adultos saudáveis. Cinquenta e sete ratos de 5 grupos tinham um núcleo serotoninérgico danificado por uma corrente elétrica. A lesão eletrolítica foi realizada utilizando uma corrente contínua de 2 mA durante dois segundos por cirurgia estereotáxica. Os animais foram submetidos a testes de aprendizagem e memória. Os ratos apresentaram respostas diferentes nos testes de memória, dependendo do núcleo serotoninérgica envolvido. A memória explícita e implícita pode ser afetada após a lesão, embora alguns grupos apresentaram diferença significativa e outros não. A lesão no núcleo serotoninérgico foi capaz de causar danos na memória de Wistar. A formação da memória implícita e explícita é prejudicada após a lesão em alguns núcleos serotoninérgicos.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Maze Learning , Serotonergic Neurons , Hippocampus/physiopathology , Learning , Memory Disorders/physiopathology , Neuronal Plasticity , Behavior, Animal , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Hippocampus/injuries , MemoryABSTRACT
Anatomical variation in the inferior vena cava can result in misdiagnosis, making a better understanding of suchvariations crucial. Here we report the case of a 29 year-old male, victim of multiple trauma, who in the courseof treatment presented with a pulmonary thromboembolism confirmed by tomography. Given the gravityof the situation and the need for additional surgeries, a decision was made to implant an inferior vena cavafilter. During phlebography, prior to implantation of the filter, the duplication of the vena cava was detectedand classified as a complete duplication. A review of the literature revealed various anatomical descriptions ofduplicated inferior vena cava, the most common of which were incomplete cases showing greater variationin venous contion. All in vivo anatomical descriptions were done via phlebography, demonstrating the valueof this test for the diagnosis of anatomical variation in the abdominal veins. While duplication of the inferiorvena cava was not the cause of the venous thrombosis in our patient, a detailed phlebography test was neededto both identify the anatomical variation and facilitate the placement of the filter to prevent a new pulmonarythromboembolism.